Showing posts with label Ravensbruck. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ravensbruck. Show all posts

13 July 2021

This is how they Rewrite History - the Daily Mail Excised from the Life of Auschwitz Survivor Esther Béjarano her Support for the Palestinians

 German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas paid tribute to Esther Béjarano’s Fight Against Anti-Semitism – Whilst voting to describe BDS, which she also supported, as anti-Semitic


Esther Bejarano as a teenager

Esther Bejarano and the Microphone Mafia

If you want to learn about the life of Esther Béjarano then there’s no point in turning to Wikipedia, The Times of Israel or German news outlet DW.com  still less the Daily Mail. Although it has to be said that they are all an improvement on the Guardian which doesn’t seem to have realised that Esther died early Saturday morning.

The Independent is typical of the coverage of Esther’s life. It reported that ‘Bejarano emigrated to Israel after World War II but returned to Germany with her husband in 1960.’ Presumably it didn’t occur to ask why Esther should return to the country which nearly murdered her. Perhaps she fancied a change of scenery?

For an understanding of Esther Béjarano’s life after 1945 we have to turn to an interview over two years ago in the Palestinian Electronic Intifada. All the obituaries focus on the fact that Esther survived Auschwitz by playing in the orchestra which all those going to the gas chambers heard as they arrived in Auschwitz.

Of course what the Mail didn't say was that Esther Bejarano emigrated from Israel because she couldn't stand its racism

Auschwitz however was not the totality of Esther’s life. To deliberately excise a part of someone’s life because it doesn’t fit with an establishment narrative about ‘anti-Semitism’ demonstrates why the mainstream media is institutionally dishonest.

Esther described in Adri Nieuwh’s interview Why Auschwitz survivor Esther Bejarano supports BDS how, despite being a holocaust survivor, she has been called an anti-Semite for supporting the Palestinians.

It should make even the stupidest Zionist sit up and ask how it is that the false ‘anti-Semitism’ narrative ends up calling holocaust survivors who universalise the lessons of the holocaust, ‘anti-Semitic’.

Birkenau, where the gas chambers were situated and Esther played the accordion

Esther also called Israel’s government ‘fascist’. In her interview we learn that because she was classified as a mischlinge ‘mixed race’ (she had a Christian grandfather) she was transferred to the women’ concentration camps of Ravensbruck and thus survived.

Esther spent 15 years in Israel, marrying Nissim Bejarano, a truck driver. She tells how “My husband and I could not stand Israeli politics. It was a catastrophe. Life was difficult because we did not agree with the terrible things that were done to the Palestinians.”

Israel “fought against them, threw the Palestinians out. They didn’t leave on their own, they were forced to leave. We just could not stand that.” Esther fought in Israel’s War of Independence so this is not speculation.

In 1960 she and her husband left Israel for Germany. “It was very difficult because it was the country of the perpetrators.” What is surprising is that none of this appears in our prostitute press, which falsified the news to fit its political agenda. Esther described how in Germany

They also have called me an anti-Semite. I always say I am against the inhuman policies towards the Palestinians, and against war. With war you cannot achieve peace. Then they frame me as an anti-Semite.”

“It is a scandal because the terrible policies of Israel need to be clarified,”.

Referring to Israel’s former Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the current Finance Minister Avigdor Lieberman, Bejarano says,

They are fascists. It is a fascist government. I have no other name for it.”

The space to debate BDS – boycott, divestment and sanctions – activism is very limited in Germany.

“Whether it [BDS] helps, that’s another issue. For many people here it is out of the question,”

 “But I say, if it helps to put anything in the way of the terrible [Israeli] policies, then I am for it. Because I have experienced what fascism is.”

 “In Germany, and many other countries, one does not distinguish between Judaism and Zionism. They think Israel, Zionism and Judaism are all the same.”

“It’s all lumped together and that’s where anti-Semitism comes from,”

“And the harshest thing is that the Germans now, to cleanse themselves so to speak, say the new anti-Semitism comes from the Muslims.”

Esther puts her finger on why the German capitalist class and its politicians are so eager to label opponents of Israel and Zionism as anti-Semitic. Given the record of complicity in the holocaust and the Nazi dictatorship by Germany industry – Siemens, Krupps, Bosch, IG Farben – the German Establishment is only too happy to use support for Israel to expiate its guilt whilst pointing the fingers at the victims of Israeli aggression.

Esther Béjarano’s goes on to explain why so many young Israelis leave the country.

“They [young Israelis] simply cannot live in Israel anymore. That is why so many have moved to Berlin.”

Germany's Bundestag voted to describe BDS as 'antisemitic' and therefore according to them Esther was antisemitic too

The Daily Mail had an Obituary on Esther Béjarano. It told readers how ‘'German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas called Esther Bejarano 'an important voice in the fight against racism and antisemitism' without telling us that Herr Maas also supported the resolution of Germany’s Bundestag (parliament) which passed a motion on 17th May 2019 calling BDS ‘anti-Semitic’.

Heiko Mass, Germany's Foreign Minister

It follows therefore that Herr Mass was calling Esther Béjarano an anti-Semite whilst at the same time saying that she was a fighter against anti-Semitism! These are the knots that the supporters of Israel and Zionism tie themselves up in when they label anti-racists, anti-fascists and anti-Zionists as anti-Semitic.

However when I first read the Daily Mail’s Obituary by Kate Dennet I was prepared to give it the benefit of the doubt. Perhaps Kate was simply as ignorant as the rest of the Mail’s ‘journalists’. So I made a short contribution to the Comments underneath. I wrote:

'German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas called Esther Bejarano 'an important voice in the fight against racism and antisemitism' but Herr Maas also called her an anti-Semite.  Maas voted for a resolution in Germany's parliament that said that the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions against Israel was anti-Semitic.

Esther was a strong supporter of the Palestinians.  She supported BDS.

Esther had been called an anti-Semite for speaking out against Israel’s inhumane treatment of Palestinians observing that 'the Germans now, to cleanse themselves so to speak, say the new anti-Semitism comes from the Muslims.”

The real lesson of Esther's life is that one should oppose all forms of racism, not anti-Semitism selectively.

An anti-fascist friend of mine also wrote a Comment on her. Both of our contributions were moderated out of existence. What I had written did not accord with the lies that the Mail and other papers perpetuate, viz. that anti-Zionism is anti-Semitism. To point out that Esther was both an opponent of fascism and anti-Semitism and Zionism was too much for the liars who run the paper that supported Hitler before the war. Although my first comment was worded diplomatically, my next comments were anything but diplomatic:

How pathetic. You have censored my comment and that of xxx. Why? Because I paid tribute to her (Esther’s) support 4 the Palestinians and xxx paid tribute to her anti-racist and anti-fascist activism.  All 3 causes the Daily Mail doesn't approve of.  So you have deliberately omitted detail's of Esther's life which conflicts with the Daily Mail's own bigotry.

I understand. After all how does a paper that had Katie Hopkins as a columnist also print an obituary of an anti-fascist and anti-Zionist who by its definition is antisemitic?  By eliminating part of her life & pretending she was really 'like us' rather than being someone who detested everything that the Mail stands for.

After all if Esther had tried to escape to the UK as a child the Mail would have been foaming at the mouth at the very thought given that it waged a campaign to PREVENT Jewish immigrants coming in prior to 1939. And of course we should not forget Lord Rothermere, the Mail's Hitler owning proprietor

How the Daily Mail Supported Hitler During the 1930s

I followed up my 2 previous comments with an explanation of how, when Hitler took power in Germany, there was no more avid supporter of his than – the Daily Mail! I wrote, in a series of comments (the Mail assumes that their readers are stupid and confines them to about 200 words).

It is no wonder that comments are 'moderated' on the Mail. You didn't want people to discuss Esther Bejarano's life. You wanted people to say 'amen' and RIP and for the Mail to bask in the reflected glory of Esther's life long fight against racism and anti-Semitism, even though the Mail - bigoted and racist as it is,- stands for everything she opposed.
Esther was an anti-Zionist, a communist, a fighter who drew the lesson from the Holocaust that all racism was wrong. For you Zionism, racism against the Palestinians, is the lesson you draw from the Holocaust.  In other words Hitler's anti-Semitism justifies Israeli Apartheid and the ‘death to the Arabs’ demonstrations that successive Israeli governments have fostered. 

The Daily Mail has moved from supporting Oswald Mosley’s Blackshirts and Hitler to ardent Zionism. There is of course no contradiction in this. The Nazis too supported Zionism, even though it is heretical – as Ken Livingstone found out – to mention this fact today. 

As Alfred Rosenberg, the Nazis’ main theoretician wrote in 1919:

‘Zionism must be vigorously supported in order to encourage a significant number of German Jews to leave for Palestine or other destinations.’

Rosenberg went on to say that the Nazis: 

‘intended to use Zionism as a legal justification for depriving German Jews of their civil rights ’ and ‘eventually the Jewish presence in Germany.

You can find both these quotes in Francis Nicosia’s The Third Reich and the Palestine Question. In May 1935 Schwarze Korps, the paper of the SS, wrote:

‘the Zionists adhere to a strict racial position and by emigrating to Palestine they are helping to build their own Jewish state.... The assimilation-minded Jews deny their race and insist on their loyalty to Germany or claim to be Christians because they have been baptised in order to subvert National Socialist principles.’

Today it is the far Right and anti-Semitic politicians from Germany’s AfD, Tommy Robinson, Trump, Bannon and Orban who combine anti-Semitism with support for Zionism.  So it is perfectly understandable that you can't allow the facts of Esther's political life to contradict the editorial line of the Mail. Of course your readers will be kept in ignorance basking in their own prejudices. But then that was always the secret of the Mail’s ‘journalism’.

If Esther Bejarano had tried to escape to England then she would have come face to face with articles such as the following:

"The way stateless Jews from Germany are pouring in from every port of this country is becoming an outrage:  the number of aliens entering the country through back door - a problem to which the Daily Mail has repeatedly pointed "  Daily Mail, 20 August 1938.

Or if we go back further to the beginning of the 20th century we will read that Jewish immigrants from Russia: [Daily Mail 3 February 1900]

" fought, they jostled to the foremost places at the gangways. When the Relief Committee passed by they hid their gold and fawned and whined in broken English asked for money for their train fare." Daily Mail, 3rd February 1900.

Throughout the 1930’s the Mail and its owner Lord Rothermere supported Hitler and our home grown National Socialists. In January 1934 appeared the famous ‘Hurrah for the Blackshirts’ article on the Mail’s front page. 

There was no greater supporter of Hitler than the Mail’s owner, Viscount Rothermere. In an article NAZI YOUTH IN CONTROL for the Daily News in Perth on Monday 4 September 1933 Rothermere wrote: 

‘Of all the historic changes in our time, the transformation of Germany under Hitler has been the swiftest, most complete, and most momentous. This nation of 65 millions stands behind him united as it never was before.

... I urge all British young men and women to study closely the progress of this Nazi regime in Germany. They must not be misled by the misrepresentations of its opponents.

  They have started a clamorous campaign of denunciation against what they call 'Nazi atrocities,' which, as anyone who visits Germany quickly discovers for himself, consists merely of a few isolated acts of violence....

JEWISH OFFICIALS IN KEY POSITIONS

'THE German nation, moreover, was rapidly falling under the control of its alien elements. In the last days of the pre-Hitler regime there were 20 times as many Jewish Government officials in Germany as had existed before the war. Israelites of international attachments were insinuating themselves into key positions in the German administrative machine. Three German Ministries only had direct relations with the Press, but in each case the official responsible for conveying news and interpreting policy to the public was a Jew.

It is from such abuses that Hitler has freed Germany.

It would be both futile and unfair to resent this revival of German spirit. Each nation has the right to make the most of its own resources. ...

The world's greatest need today is realism. Hitler is a realist. He has saved his country from the ineffectual leadership of hesitating, half-hearted politicians.

It is no surprise that the Daily Mail feels the need to rewrite history given its own history.  When the Mail and the Tory papers, none of whom were interested in Hitler’s anti-Semitism before 1939, condemn ‘anti-Semitism’ today we should not be surprised that they have difficulty understanding the difference between anti-Semitism and opposition to racism. 

Tony Greenstein

8 July 2019

Nothing Better Demonstrates Why Allegations of Labour Anti-Semitism are Fake than the Labour Right's Hostility to Roma and Travellers



16.5.2018 0:01


Below is an article written on the anniversary of the Romani Uprising in Auschwitz. The bourgeois media treats the Holocaust as a Jewish only affair because the Holocaust has been transformed into an ideological weapon. The Holocaust is employed in the service of Zionism and Britain’s relationship with Israel and the United States. The Gypsies unlike Jews are still in much the same ways as they were before the Hitler era and that is why, at best, they are a footnote in the Holocaust Memorial Day commemorations.
For example Matteo Salvini, the Italian Deputy Prime Minister, on coming into office proposed a census of Roma with the purpose of deporting those who were not Italians. Far-right Italy minister vows 'action' to expel thousands of Roma
The contents page of John Mann's Guide to Dealing with Anti-Social Behaviour - Travellers were given as an example with Neighbours from Hell
If those alleging that the Labour Party is ‘institutionally anti-Semitic’ were sincerely opposed to racism then you would expect they would throw their arms up in horror at attacks on Gypsies and Roma, who were killed in similar proportions to the Jews in the Holocaust.
Instead one of the leading protagonists John Mann issued a vile ‘Handbook on anti-social behaviour’ in Bassetlaw. Its Contents helpfully listed examples of anti-social behaviour and hazards to civilised life, such as alcohol, graffiti, rubbish and neighbours from hell were Travellers.
Up and down the country Labour Councils have persecuted Gypsies and Travellers. Nor is it just Labour Councils.  The Tories have been even worse.  Prime amongst them these racists was Lord Eric Pickles, Chairman of the Conservative Friends of Israel.  When Pickles was Communities Secretary he provided half the £12m funding Basildon Council needed in order to evict hundreds of Travellers from Dale Farm in 2011.  See Lord Eric Pickles – Why is this Racist Bigot Britain’s Special Envoy on Holocaust Issues?
An SS man handling a Roma woman with an iron bar
Indeed almost all of the proponents of fake Labour ‘anti-Semitism’ have records of attacks on asylum seekers and Islamaphobia. As I have repeatedly detailed Tom Watson has one of the worst records when it comes to racism.
Not only did he back racist Labour MP ‘poor Phil’ Woolas to the hilt when the the High Court removed him as an MP in 2011 for a campaign based around ‘making the white folk angry’ but he was the Campaigns Organiser for Liam Byrne in the 2004 by-election in Birmingham Hodge Hill. In The ghost of Enoch Nick Cohen described the gay bashing, racist campaign that Watson ran when ‘Labour reshuffled the pack and played the race card’ against the Lib Dems.’ One Labour leaflet carried the slogan: "Labour is on your side, the Lib Dems are on the side of failed asylum seekers."

Closing the doors on the deportation trains

Former City banker Byrne told the voters,
'The Lib Dems want to keep giving welfare benefits to failed asylum seekers. They voted for this in Parliament on 1 March 2004. They want your money -and mine - to go to failed asylum seekers.'
If this isn’t playing the race card it is difficult to know what is.
Of course the media isn’t interested in this or indeed in any other form of racism. Anti-asylum seeker stories are their bread and butter. Only ‘anti-Semitism’ concerns them.  Why?  Because it is tied to British foreign policy interests, the special relationship with the United States and support for Israel.

Roma having just disembarked from the trains to Auschwitz

Below is part of the hidden history of the Holocaust. The Gypsy revolt in Auschwitz in 1944 when the Nazis moved to terminate the gypsy camp that had been set up there to deceive the Red Cross.
It’s a history that the Holocaust Memorial Day ignores because it doesn’t fit in with the deployment of the Holocaust as a propaganda weapon. That is why there are no Gypsy or Traveller representatives on the Committee that organises the Holocaust Memorial Day commemorations.
Tony Greenstein
Auschwitz (PHOTO: Gabriela Hrabaňová)
  
On 16 May 1944, in the concentration camp at Auschwitz, something completely extraordinary occurred:  Romani people imprisoned in the so-called "Gypsy Camp" there rebelled against the SS. This historical event is still almost unknown in the Czech Republic, but 16 May is becoming more and more popular worldwide as Romani Resistance Day.  
What happened in Auschwitz on 16 May? News server Romea.cz publishes below in full translation a never-before published study by historian Michal Schuster that describes the Romani uprising there.
The "Gypsy Family Camp" in the Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp, 1944
The year 1944 can simply be called the closing phase of the so-called "Final Solution to the Gypsy question" in Nazi-occupied Europe, including on the territory of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. After transporting most Roma to the Auschwitz complex during 1943, smaller transports there took place during 1944. On 16 May 1944 the first attempt to annihilate all the members of the so-called "Gypsy Camp" at Auschwitz-Birkenau took place and was prevented by an uprising of the prisoners there. The most tragic event did finally take place and the camp and its inhabitants were entirely destroyed at the beginning of August 1944.  
Labour Right-winger Lukey Stanger described Travellers as a 'nasty blight on communities'
First attempt to destroy the "Gypsy Camp" and the Romani prisoners' uprising
The commander of Auschwitz, Rudolf Höss, ordered at the beginning of 1944 the acceleration of the work already underway in one section of Birkenau, primarily the construction of ramps and the rails for the three-rail branch of the Oświęcim-Katowice railway line, which led to Crematorium I and Crematorium II. The commander of all the crematoria, SS Otto Moll, had to ensure, during the course of one week, repairs to all the crematoria, completion of the construction of the buildings, and the start of new construction, as well as the erection of several rooms where the prisoners were stripped near the repaired Bunker II and behind Crematorium V. The prisoners also dug two big pits for burning corpses.1
Romani girl  looking out from deportation train
All of the preparations were performed in order to receive a transport of Jews from Hungary. Those new prisoners who were labeled capable of work during the selection would need accommodation, so the highest SS command at the main camp decided on 15 May 1944 to kill everyone in the "Gypsy Family Camp". That would free up space in all of camp B-II-e for more of the Jews from Hungary. 2
The final action was to have been performed on the evening of 16 May, when the gong was rung announcing a ban on leaving the camp (the so-called Lagersperre) and it was closed. Trucks drove up and parked in front of the gate to the camp; 50 -60 members of a special SS commando unit jumped out of them and called on the prisoners to quickly leave the residential blocks. Inside the blocks, however, a tense silence prevailed and the prisoners refused to come out, barricading the doors and desperately preparing to defend themselves with rocks and work tools. The members of the SS commando unit were startled by this disobedience and their commander decided to postpone the action.3
SS Men at Auschwitz
Romani Holocaust survivor Hugo Höllenreiner (born 1933 in Munich), who was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp with his family in 1943, later recalled those moments of resistance as follows:  "There were about seven or eight men, definitely, who came to the gate. Dad shouted out - the whole building trembled when he shouted:  'We're not coming out! You come in here! We're waiting here! If you want something, you have to come inside!' "4
Luke Stanger deploying 'antisemitism' as a weapon against the only Black woman candidate in Brighton & Hove's council elections - to its shame the Labour Party suspended her and lost the election
The entire event was described in a report by Tadeusz Joachimowski (1908-1979)5[1], a former Polish political prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp who was assigned to be a "scribe" (a writer) in the "Gypsy Camp", as follows:  "The last commander of the Gypsy Camp and the current rapportführer [reporting officer] was Bonigut.6 He was probably from Yugoslavia. He disagreed with the approaches and tactics of the SS. He was a very good person. 
On 15 May 1944 he came after me and said things looked bad for the Gypsy Camp. An order had been issued to destroy it and had reportedly already received confirmation from the political department through Dr Mengele. The Gypsy Camp was to be destroyed and its crew killed using gas. There were roughly 6 500 Gypsies in the camp at that time. 
Bonigut entrusted me with informing those Gypsies whom I trusted about what was ahead. He asked me to warn them so they would not go like sheep to the slaughter. He also told me that the signal for the beginning of the action would be the Lagersperre and that the Gypsies should not leave their barracks. Bonigut himself warned several Gypsies of the action. I also (secretly) performed this task. The next day at around 7 PM I heard the gong announcing the Lagersperre. Automobiles drove up in front of the Gypsy Camp and 50 - 60 SS men armed with machine guns got out of them. They immediately surrounded the buildings where the Gypsies lived. Some SS members entered this residential area shouting 'Los, los'. There was total calm in the barracks. The Gypsies, armed with handcuffs, knives, shovels and stones, waited to see what would happen. They did not leave the barracks. The SS members were appalled and left themselves. After a brief consultation, they went to find the Blockführerstube [the commander of that block] in order to inform the commander of the action. After some time I heard a whistle. The SS men who were surrounding the barracks left their positions, got back in the automobiles, and drove away. The closure of the camp was lifted. On the next day (17 May 1944), Lagerführer Bonigut came to me and said the Gypsies were rescued, for now...".7
While there was no open clash between the Romani prisoners and the SS members, this event played a significant role. It decidedly was not the habit in the concentration camps for the prisoners to resist a planned, prepared action en masse right before it was to be undertaken. There is absolutely no doubt that the armed SS commando could have suppressed this act of resistance, but decided not to go into an open confrontation with the prisoners and preferred to achieve their aims in another way. This event is unequivocally an uprising and occupies a significant place in the tragic history of the Holocaust of the European Roma.  
In the so-called "Gypsy Camp" at Birkenau there were approximately 6 500 prisoners, half of whom were subsequently put into quarantine in the main camp, some at the end of May and start of June, others at the start of August 1944.8 They included prisoners from Bohemia, Germany, and Poland.9
The destruction of the "Gypsy Camp" at Birkenau
About 10 000 women from Hungary then arrived at the "Gypsy Camp" and were accommodated in the odd-numbered blocks, while the Romani prisoners were put on the even-numbered side. They moved a second time into the rear half of the camp when men from Hungary arrived and were put in the front section of the camp. In July 1944, Himmler decided to destroy the rest of the "Gypsy Camp".10 On the morning of 1 August, those prisoners fit for work were supposed to report for transport elsewhere, and Antonín Absolon-Růžička (born 30 September 1930 in the Moravian village of Mistřín) took advantage of the opportunity.11 He later recalled:  "One day in summer when I heard on the grounds12 that a new transport was leaving and lining up at the gate, I ran out there, naked, fleeing the blocks and heading for the canteen. I met my sister Jana on the way. She asked where I was running to and I told her I wanted to leave with the transport. She started to persuade me not to leave, saying we two were the only ones left, that I should stay with her. All I know is that I told her I had to go. I didn't even say good-bye I was in such a hurry...".13
On the next day, 2 August 1944, the final transports to the concentration camps of Buchenwald and Ravensbrück were put together out of all the female and male prisoners fit for work from the "Gypsy Camp". There were 918 boys and men sent to Buchenwald, of whom 151 had Protectorate citizenship. At the Buchenwald concentration camp, thanks to these transports from Auschwitz, the number of Romani and Sinti prisoners almost doubled.14 The Ravensbrück transports included 490 female prisoners. Unfortunately, it is no longer possible to determine their state or territorial citizenship.15  Nevertheless, women from the Protectorate were certainly among them.
Through these six work transports, these female and male prisoners left the camp at Birkenau for good, because at the time the so-called "Gypsy Family Camp" was about to be destroyed and the fate of its remaining prisoners had been decided.16
After their departure, only the elderly, mothers with children and the fathers who didn't want to leave their families, and orphans remained in the "Gypsy Camp". During the late night of 2 August and the early morning hours of 3 August the block was closed (Blocksperre) and the 2 897 children, elderly people, the infirm and women were taken in trucks to the courtyard of Crematorium V. There their unexpected resistance had to be broken, after which they were herded into the gas chambers.17
Those horrible moments were described by a member of the so-called Special Division (Sonderkommando), Filip Müller (born 1922 in the Slovak town of Sered'):  "The room for removing clothing was stuffed full of people by midnight. The anxiety was growing minute by minute... desperate cries could be heard from all sides, accusations, lamentations, remorse. The voices called out in chorus:  'We are Germans of the Reich! We've done nothing wrong!' From elsewhere could be heard:  'We want to live! Why do you want to kill us?'... The liquidation proceeded as usual. Moll and his aides unlocked the safeties on their pistols and rifles and uncompromisingly called on those who had taken their clothes off to leave the room and go into the three spaces where they would be poisoned with gas. On that final trip many were weeping with desperation... Even from within the gas chambers, for a long time afterward, we heard intermittent calls and cries until the gas performed its work and the last voices were snuffed out."18
The bodies of the murdered, who included many prisoners from the Protectorate, were then burned in the pits near the Crematorium because it was not yet running.19
A recollection of the murder of those in the "Gypsy Camp" was also recorded by camp commander Rudolf Höss in his memoirs:  "They did not know what awaited them until the final moment; they only realized it when they were brought into Crematorium No.V. It was not easy to lead them into the chamber. I didn't see it, but Schwarzhuber told me about it, that no liquidation action of the Jews had been as difficult as the liquidation of the Gypsies."20
During this action, camp doctor Josef Mengele personally shot dead the male Romani twins on whom he had been performing experiments in order to subsequently use their bodies for autopsy. The female twins were transferred to the Hindenburg concentration camp. Irma Valdová-Krausová survived with her sisters because of that, and later recalled:  "On that day Dr Mengele came to the camp at 18:30 in order to take the remaining twins away, including my two sisters Anna and Alžběta. Of my entire extended family, I was their only relative left, and they did not want to leave me, no matter the cost. During the confusion they put me in the car as well, which saved me from a certain death."21
This mass murder was followed by the brutal killing of the female and male prisoners who, after being transported elsewhere, had been sent back to Auschwitz-Birkenau to die in the gas chambers because they were exhausted and unfit for work. For this purpose, 200 Roman boys were sent from the concentration camp at Buchenwald on 26 September 1944 and 800 Romani men were sent on 10 October 1944. On 11 October 1944 and then on 14 October 1944 a total of 217 Romani girls and women were sent back to Auschwitz from the work commando units at Ravensbrück concentration camp. Some underwent a second selection and were once again transported back to Ravensbrück, while the rest ended up, like all of the boys and men who were returned to Auschwitz, in the gas chambers.22
International Romani Holocaust Day
The year 1944 and its place in Romani history remains alive, and what is important is that the tragic events of the Roma Holocaust are finally earning a firm place in European and world history. The year 2014 marked 70 years since the mass annihilation of the so-called "Gypsy Family Camp" at the Auschwitz concentration camp.
On 2 August 2014 the former camp at Birkenau was the scene of a commemorative gathering featuring representatives of European Romani organizations, representatives of the Polish Government, authorities and local municipalities, diplomats, survivors, witnesses and relatives of the prisoners. The day of 2 August has been designated International Romani Holocaust Day and is a significant state day in Poland.23
Footnotes:
1.    Kladivová, Vlasta: Konečná stanice Auschwitz-Birkenau. Olomouc 1994, pp. 77-78
2.    Kladivová, V.: Konečná stanice Auschwitz-Birkenau. Olomouc 1994, p. 78.
3.    Nečas, Ctibor: Holocaust českých Romů, 1999, s. 170; LEWY, Guenter: The Nazi Persecution of the Gypsies. Oxford University Press, 1999, p 320; Right to Remember – A Handbook for Education with Young People on the Roma Genocide. Council of Europe, 2014, p 81; BASTIAN, Till: Sinti und Roma im Dritten Reich: Geschichte einer Verfolgung. München: C.H.Beck Verlag, 2001, p 62.
4.    For the testimony of H. Höllenreiner, see Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte, Signatur: zz-1460.03,http://www.hdbg.eu/zeitzeugen/video.php?id=563
5.    Along with the other prisoners, he saved the prison's inventory books from the "Gypsy Camp"; see Die Sinti und Roma im Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau / Memorial Book. The Gypsies at Auschwitz-Birkenau / Ksiega Pamieci. Cyganie w obozie koncentracyjnym Auschwitz-Birkenau, ed. State Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau in cooperation with the Documentation and Culture Center of German Sinti and Roma (Heidelberg), Volume 1, München/London/New York/Paris 1993, p. XXXI.
6.    Georg Bonigut worked at the "Gypsy Camp" from 13 December 1943 as reporting officer (Rapportführer) for Auschwitz-Birkenau. At the end of May 1944 he was appointed commander of the camp (Schutzhaftlagerführer) in the "Gypsy Camp", where he remained until it was destroyed. He then became commander of the block and commander of reporting at the Auschwitz III-Charlottengrube concentration camp. See Gedenkbuch. Die Sinti und Roma im Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau / Memorial Book. The Gypsies at Auschwitz-Birkenau / Ksiega Pamieci. Cyganie w obozie koncentracyjnym Auschwitz-Birkenau, ed. State Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, in collaboration with the Documentation and Cultural Center of German Sinti and Roma (Heidelberg), volume 2, München/London/New York/Paris 1993, p 1647.
7.    Nacistická genocida Sintů a Romů: katalog ke stálé výstavě ve Státním Muzeu v Osvětimi. Romano džaniben, 2009, p. 288-289.
8.    Nečas: Holocaust českých Romů, 1999, p 170.
9.    Kladivová, V.: Konečná stanice Auschwitz-Birkenau. Olomouc 1994, p 79.
10.  Kladivová, V.: Konečná stanice Auschwitz-Birkenau. Olomouc 1994, p 80.
11.  Kladivová, V.: Konečná stanice Auschwitz-Birkenau. Olomouc 1994, p 81.
12.  The grounds of the military hospital (Häftlingskrankenbau).
13.  Nemůžeme zapomenout = Našťi bisteras: nucená táborová koncentrace ve vyprávěních romských pamětníků, shromáždil a uspořádal Ctibor Nečas. 1. vydání. Olomouc:
Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 1994, p 64.
14.  Nacistická genocida Sintů a Romů, katalog, 2009, p 300.
15.  Nečas: Historický kalendář, 2008, p 64.
16.  Kladivová, V.: Konečná stanice Auschwitz-Birkenau. Olomouc 1994, p 79; Nečas: Holocaust českých Romů, 1999, p 170.
17.  Kladivová, V.: Konečná stanice Auschwitz-Birkenau. Olomouc 1994, p 82; Nečas: Historický kalendář, 2008, p 64.
18.  Nacistická genocida Sintů a Romů: katalog ke stálé výstavě ve Státním Muzeu v Osvětimi. Romano džaniben, 2009, p 294.
19.  Nečas: Holocaust českých Romů, 1999, p 171.
20.  Wspomnienia Rudolfa Hössa, komendanta obozu oświęncimskego, Wydawnictwo prawnicze Warszava, 1956, p 116; Kladivová, V.: Konečná stanice Auschwitz-Birkenau. Olomouc 1994, p 88.
21.  Kladivová, V.: Konečná stanice Auschwitz-Birkenau. Olomouc 1994, p 83.
22.  Nečas: Holocaust českých Romů, 1999, p 171.
23.  Schuster, Michal: Genocida Romů v českých zemích a její reflexe. In: Romano voďi 25.10.2012, ps.
Michal Schuster, Museum of Romani Culture, translated by Gwendolyn Albert



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